495.8 kJ/mol and 4562 kJ/mol, respectively, are the first and second ionization energies. Sodium atoms have 11 electrons, one more than the noble gas neon's stable configuration. By fusing two carbon atoms together in the carbon-burning process in stars, 23Na is produced this requires temperatures above 600 mega-kelvins and a star with at least three solar masses. There are twenty different isotopes of sodium known, but only 23 Na is stable. Sodium's melting (98 ☌) and boiling (883) points are lower than lithium's but higher than the heavier alkali metals potassium, rubidium, and cesium, following periodic patterns down the group. Sodium is the third least dense of all elemental metals, with a low atomic mass and a broad atomic radius, and is one of only three metals that can float on water, the other two being lithium and potassium. This results in poor metallic bonding and free electrons, which carry energy. Since it only has one electron in its valence layer, sodium metal is easily cut with a knife and is a strong conductor of electricity and heat. In this article, will study physical properties of sodium and Chemical Properties Of Sodium Metal In detail.Īt normal temperature and pressure, sodium is a soft silvery metal that reacts with oxygen in the air to form greyish white sodium oxide unless it is contained in the oil or inert gas. It has an atomic number of 11 and is represented in the Periodic table by the symbol Na. It also forms sodium chloride and the metal as it reacts with different metallic halides. Over 200☌, sodium reacts with hydrogen to form sodium hydride. Sodium hydroxide is formed when sodium reacts quickly with water, snow, or ice.Īs metallic sodium is exposed to sunlight, it loses its silver appearance and forms an opaque grey color layer of sodium oxide as a coating.Except at extremely high temperatures, sodium does not react with nitrogen, but it does react with ammonia to form sodium amide. Sodium is the most significant of all alkaline metals from a commercial standpoint because it is a reactive, soft metal with a low melting point. As sodium binds with chlorine, we get sodium chloride (NaCl). The most famous claim to fame is that it is one of the two elements that make up table salt. The naturally occurring stable isotope is Na- 23.Sodium, like lithium and potassium, belongs to the alkali metal family. Other sodium uses are in the chemical industry, manufacturing of soaps and textiles.ġ6 isotopes whose mass numbers ranging from 20 to 35 with half-lives are known.Sodium carbonate is also used in the manufacturing of glass.Sodium carbonate also known as baking soda is widely used in making different food products like bread, cakes, etc.Sodium is used as a heat transfer agent such as liquid sodium is used to cool down nuclear reactors.Sodium vapors produce brilliant yellow light and are widely used in lamps and streetlights.It is used to modify alloys by enhancing their mechanical properties and in the production of titanium. Metallic sodium is used in the manufacturing of esters, organic compounds, and other compounds such as sodamide, sodium cyanide, sodium peroxide, etc.It is used in de-icing roads during winters.The most common compound of sodium is sodium chloride (NaCl) which is used as a preservative for food products, added to food for taste, and has important nutritional value.
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